Dielectric strength of Al2O3/silicone composites after high‐temperature aging

Silicones are widely used for electrical insulation owing to their high dielectric strength and thermal stability. However, recent studies revealed insufficient stability of silicone for high‐temperature applications. To study the effect of Al₂O₃ fiber on silicone stability, we measured the dielectric strength of unfilled silicone and Al₂O₃/silicone composites as a function of aging time at 250°C in air and analyzed data by Weibull probability distribution to determine characteristic dielectric strength (E₀) and shape parameter (β). Prior to aging, unfilled silicone and composites had similar behavior, with E₀ at about 20 kV/mm and β > 15. During aging, unfilled silicone developed both micro‐ and macrocracks, with β dropped below five in 240 h and E₀ decreased significantly. Composites developed microcracks, with β dropped below 5 in longer time and E₀ remained almost constant. Addition of Al₂O₃ slowed down crack growth in silicone matrix, resulting in longer lasting high‐temperature dielectric materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41170.     

单晶UBM在电子封装微互连中的研究进展

3D封装是未来电子封装制造技术领域的重要发展方向,3D封装中微凸点的尺寸将急剧降低,此时,芯片凸点下金属层(UBM)可能仅包含几个甚至单个晶粒。因此,UBM的晶体取向对界面金属间化合物(IMC)的形核和生长过程将具有显著影响,而界面IMC的特性会直接影响到凸点微/纳尺度互连的可靠性。因此,以单晶作为UBM研究界面物质的传输与IMC的生长规律,具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文对近年来以单晶Cu、Ni和Ag作为UBM焊点的界面反应进行综合分析,总结了单晶UBM上特殊形貌IMC晶粒的形成条件、界面IMC与单晶基体的位向关系、IMC的生长动力学过程、柯肯达尔空洞的形成规律、单晶UBM上IMC的晶体取向调控方法及晶体取向对无铅焊点力学性能和可靠性的影响,为评价单晶UBM凸点的力学性能和可靠性及提供指导。     

碱液系统液泛原因探讨及处理措施

分析碱液脏起泡液泛的原因,提出了解决方法并实施,解决了问题,为碱液系统的安全稳定运行提供保障。     

可生物降解PBAT/PLA/生物质垃圾袋的制备和表征

将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）和聚乳酸（PLA）进行共混,然后添加竹粉、木质素和秸秆粉,利用混合熔融造粒、挤出吹膜工艺制备了PBAT/PLA/生物质粉（BP）（质量比74.26/4.95/19.80）复合垃圾袋,并采用扫描电子显微（SEM）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、X射线衍射测试（XRD）、热重分析仪（TG）及差示扫描量热仪（DSC）等对垃圾袋的微观形貌、组成、耐热性能、拉伸性能及抗漏性能进行了测试和表征,对其实用性进行了评估。结果表明,3种BP在PBAT/PLA基体中分散性较好,对薄膜结构和热性能几乎没有影响;添加竹粉和木质素材料的垃圾袋相比于添加秸秆粉的垃圾袋有明显的强度优势,强度提高了40 %以上。本研究对于降低PBAT/PLA垃圾袋的生产成本、促进生物降解材料的产业化应用具有重要借鉴意义。     

脉冲袋式除尘设计制造检验

袋式除尘器是重要的环保设备,而脉冲袋式除尘器是目前袋式除尘器中效果最好、最常用的除尘器,除尘效率可达到99%。由于它的高效、经济环保,而被广泛应用。文章主要介绍脉冲袋式除尘器的选型设计、制造及检验等。     

包装工程学科建设与研究生培养的学理分析

包装工程学科是应用型交叉学科,既有自身独特的发展轨迹、学理框架、研究方法和路径,也从其所属一级学科和相关支撑学科吸纳养分。本文在梳理包装教育发展历程和研究生培养现状的基础上,从学理上分析了包装学科的基本架构和主要研究方向。其基本架构和研究方向与研究生培养相结合,反映在不同的学校里,必然形成自身的培养模式和特色。     

Chitosan biobased and intelligent films: Monitoring pH variations

Many factors can influence the shelf-life product, such as pH, water activity, nutrient levels available oxygen, etc. Variations in food pH could occur due to microorganism growth and chemical reactions that may impact flavour, consistency and shelf-life. The objective of this paper was to obtain and characterize the fast pH-colourimetric indicator device, applying a simple manufacturing technique, using food grade and biodegradable materials. The intelligent film was based on natural compounds as chitosan and anthocyanin (pH-colourimetric indicator). Chitosan intelligent films (C-ATH, 2.0 g/100 g) were obtained incorporating anthocyanin (1.0 g/100 g) in matrix films. Initially, a dark violet colour was observed in chitosan films dried. When immersed in different pH buffers, the colour range of the films varied from pink (in acid pH) to bluish-green (in neutral pH) and to violet (in basic pH). The water solubility and water vapour transmission rate of C-ATH were decreased to 60% and 48%, respectively, as compared to control film (CF, without indicator). The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and rigidity were maintained, and the elongation at break was reduced to 47% compared to CF. The advantages of this system were the simple manufacturing process, biodegradability and usage of natural and safe compounds.     

Applying viscoplastic constitutive models to predict ratcheting behavior of sintered nanosilver lap-shear joint

A series of displacement-controlled tests were conducted for sintered nanosilver lap-shear joints at different loading rates and temperatures. The relationship between force and displacement was studied. It was found that higher loading rate or lower temperature caused higher stress–strain response of the sintered nanosilver joint. Force-controlled cyclic tests were also performed at different mean forces, force amplitudes, dwell time at peak force, and temperatures. The mean force, the force amplitude, and the temperature played key roles in the shear ratcheting strain accumulation. The ratcheting strain rate could be enhanced with increasing the dwell time at peak force as well. A viscoplastic constitutive model based on Ohno–Wang and Armstrong–Fedrick (OW–AF) non-linear kinematic hardening rule, and Anand model were separately embedded in ABAQUS to simulate the shear and the ratcheting behavior of the sintered nanosilver joint. It was concluded that OW–AF model could predict the ratcheting behavior of the sintered nanosilver joint better than Anand model, especially at high temperatures.     

Effect of vacuum ageing on quality changes of lamb steaks from early fattening lambs during aerobic display

The effects of vacuum ageing on the quality changes of lamb steaks during retail display were assessed. Biceps femoris and Quadriceps femoris muscles from thirty early fattening lambs fed barley straw and concentrate or alfalfa and concentrate were used. Half of the muscles were vacuum aged for three weeks (VA), and the other half were not aged (control). Control and VA muscles were sliced and aerobically displayed. Weight loss, pH, aldehyde contents, instrumental color characteristics and color acceptance were measured at display days 1, 3, 7 and 14. At day 1 redness was higher in VA lamb. However, redness of VA lamb decreases more rapidly during further storage. Redness and color acceptance decreased in VA lamb from day 3, whereas in not-aged lamb the decrease was observed from day 7 onwards. From days 7 to 14 a drop of color acceptance accompanied by an increase in pH and a decrease in lightness was observed in control and VA lamb.